Wednesday, January 2, 2013

The Badder Things Get, the Bigger We Hope (Advent 1C, Luke 21:25-36, December 2, 2012)



Luke 21:25-36
December 2, 2012

The Badder Things Get, the Bigger We Hope

Rev. John M. Caldwell, PhD
First United Methodist Church
Decorah, IA



Every family has its customs at Christmastime.  In our family my dad would read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol aloud.  I remember the thrill of horror as Ebenezer Scrooge sat eating gruel in his darkened rooms and the ghost of Jacob Marley made its way up the stairs, dragging its burden of chains and strongboxes along behind.  For sheer terror, nothing beat the fourth chapter—or stave the fourth as Dickens called it—“The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come.”

Scrooge is already a changed man.  The review of his life offered by the Ghost of Christmas Past and the insight into the way that others live offered by the Ghost of Christmas Present—especially the others whose lives are connected with Scrooge’s—have accomplished a changed perspective and a reordered set of priorities.  The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come showed him a number of scenes in which people were talking about someone who had died, someone unloved and unmourned.  When confronted with a tombstone that the Ghost insisted he read, there is something that Scrooge wants to know: "Before I draw nearer to that stone to which you point," said Scrooge, "answer me one question. Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they shadows of things that May be, only?"[1]

Will the change of character that he has experienced allow Scrooge to escape this gloomy future?  Is his future predetermined or will the choices that he makes result in a different one?  These are issues that philosophers have debated for centuries.  For Scrooge, however, they are not abstract concepts.  It is his future that is on the line.  The answers to those questions are important and relevant.  If the future cannot be changed then it won’t matter very much how Scrooge behaves or what values govern his choices.  As it turned out, the future that the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come showed to Scrooge was not inevitable. The choices that flowed from his changed character led to a much happier future.

Dickens’s story suggests that the grasping selfishness that he saw all around him in industrial England did not bring the happiness that it promised and that, on the small scale of the individual, the older virtues would reap their own reward.

But what if the scale is not that of the individual?  What if the forces let loose in a particular period of history were at work on such a large scale that an individual’s effort could not influence the outcome?  How do we behave and what do we do when we are caught in the grip of forces we cannot control?

There is a type of writing in the Bible that deals with these questions, but most of us educated folk are likely to dismiss it as unbelievable.  Scholars call this type of writing “apocalyptic.”  This term comes from a Greek word that means “to uncover, unveil, reveal.”  In apocalyptic writing it is the future that is uncovered, unveiled, revealed.  Often this revelation takes the form of book given to a figure from the past, as in the biblical books of Daniel and the Revelation.  The generation that reads the book is privileged to read what had been hidden up until then. 

Apocalyptic writing is filled with symbolism—lakes of fire, seven-headed beasts, and the like.  The scope is cosmic, rather than personal.  This is none of your Chinese fortune cookie kind of stuff: “Your investments will soon meet with great success.”  In apocalyptic, the whole of the creation is at stake.  The sun, the moon and all the stars are involved.  There may be floods, pestilence and widespread chaos.  Then, when human life becomes unsustainable, intolerable, impossible, God intervenes and rescues those who have been faithful through it all.

We may smile indulgently at this sort of thing.  We entertain apocalyptic mostly as, well,entertainment. Currently we have the movie Rise of the Guardians in which Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, the Sandman and Jack Frost team up to save the world from an evil spirit named Pitch.

There are some more serious forms of apocalyptic.  Any tale that tells the story of the future in terms of world-wide disaster begins to take on the features of apocalyptic.  Any doomsday scenario will do: a pandemic, climate change, a world-wide collapse of financial markets, or thermonuclear warfare, either singly or in any combination.

But there is something more to biblical apocalyptic than to these modern variations.  Stories like the one in today’s reading from Luke are not simply tales of a dreadful future.  What makes these stories so powerful is whose stories they are.  The tale that Jesus tells in today’s gospel reading is a tale of God’s future.

Chaos will rule world affairs.  So deeply will the order of the cosmos be shaken that the very heavenly bodies—the sun, the moon, and the stars—will be disturbed in their orderly courses.  But this is not simply the universe falling apart.  The universe remains in God’s hands and chaos is not the end of the story.  God’s redemption is approaching; God’s reign is being ushered in.  To invoke the metaphor that we heard from Mark two weeks ago, these are birth pangs.

Still, we have a hard time taking biblical apocalyptic seriously.  The stars are not going to fall to earth.  We know that they are not the tiny points of light the ancients believed that they were, but suns that are often larger than our own.  The sun and moon are as indifferent to the fortunes of the human race as they were to the dinosaurs.  If we are determined to destroy ourselves, the sun will continue to shine and the moon will continue to wax and wane.  It is hard for us to see anything here other than gross exaggeration, some sort of holy hyperbole.

But looking past all that I see something of value for us.  Two things, actually.  I see a description of the human condition in our time that is a little too close to home for my comfort.  And I see a remedy.

Luke’s Jesus warns us against “dissipation and drunkenness and the worries of this life.”  At first glance this doesn’t look like a mirror that shows us who we really are.  I’m not so sure.  Merriam-Webster defines dissipation as “a wasteful expenditure.”[2]  If we listen to the reports on the economy we may believe that wasteful expenditure is a duty, especially at this time of year.  But I’m not sure that Jesus has only this sort of spending in mind.  We dissipate our lives in a whole variety of ways.  Ninety percent of the time we spend in front of the television is dissipation.  The same goes for the time we spend playing video games.  We are passing time, killing time.  Our time is spent and neither we nor the world around us are the better for it. 

Recreation is a good thing.  But if what we are calling recreation does not leave us “re-created,” refreshed, restored, then it wasn’t recreation at all, but dissipation.

Drunkenness seems obvious, but I think it needs to be extended to all forms of addiction.  I suspect that when the history of our times is written it will feature addiction prominently.  There are addictions to alcohol and drugs, of course.  But we now know that there are also addictions to gambling, sex, work, risk-taking behavior, food, shopping, well, you name it.  The object of addiction isn’t so important, although addictions differ.  Common to all addictions is a cycle of tension and release around some action, a cycle that crowds other things in life to one side until subject and object switch places.  She no longer consumes alcohol; alcohol consumes her.  He no longer consumes food; food consumes him.

And then there is worry.  Who isn’t worried these days?  What will happen to the economy?  What will happen to our retirement plans?  In the middle of the night when sleep escapes us our worries seem impossible to overcome.

The result of it all is that our hearts are weighed down.  We are anxious and depressed.  Much of our energy is tied up.  We are spending it foolishly.  Or we are trying unsuccessfully to manage our addictions.  Or we are chasing our worried thoughts around in circles.  It’s no wonder we are tired!

If only we could get on top of it somehow!  If only we could master our world, our time, our selves!  But we can’t seem to, no matter how much we try.

Now here is the good news!  Our world does not belong to us.  Our time does not belong to us.  Even we ourselves do not belong to us.  Jesus’ announcement of good news in this text is that all of these things are in God’s hands.  What Jesus wants for his followers is that we should see clearly the nature of the times.  That we should be alert.  That we should be focused on the nearness of God’s reign and realm.  That we should be light-hearted.

So we begin Advent with these things in mind.  Advent is not about getting the shopping done, or the decorating finished, or the cards written and sent.  Advent is not about maintaining the mindless and mandatory cheerfulness that is called “the Christmas spirit.”  It’s about the light-heartedness of those who know whose they are, who know in whose story they are characters, who know that the story we are in will turn out far better than we could even imagine.


[1] Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol (London & New York: G. Routledge and sons, 1843).
[2] "Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online,"  http://www.merriam-webster.com/.

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[1] Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol (London & New York: G. Routledge and sons, 1843).
[2] "Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online,"  http://www.merriam-webster.com/.

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